GET-YOUR-SOLUTION

.Net-Insert Excel Data into Database

2009-09-10T22:26:00.001-07:00

// Connection String to Excel Workbook
string excelConnectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=Empinfo.xls;Extended Properties=""Excel 8.0;HDR=YES;""";
// Create Connection to Excel Workbook
using (OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(excelConnectionString))
{
OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand("Select * FROM [Sheet1$]", connection);
connection.Open();
// Create DbDataReader to Data Worksheet
using (OleDbDataReader dr = command.ExecuteReader())
{
// SQL Server Connection String
string sqlConnectionString = "Data Source=SCSHYD-067\\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=test;Integrated Security=True";
// Bulk Copy to SQL Server
using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConnectionString))
{
bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "INA_EIS_EMOF_EMEM_OFFL";
bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dr);
}
}
}

SQl-Insert Excel Data into Database

2009-09-10T21:41:00.000-07:00

/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[fs_prog_rt_InsertTransaction] Script Date: 09/10/2009 19:47:29 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author:
-- Create date:
-- Description:
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[fs_prog_rt_InsertTransaction]
@xmlData XML,
@ErrorMessage varchar(500) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY
SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE @SubId VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @EntryType VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @ContainerCode VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @EquipmentId VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @ProcessCode VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @TestTypeCode VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @CreatedByUserId VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @CreatedTime VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @idoc INT
DECLARE @LogId INT
DECLARE @return_Value INT
DECLARE @ValidationErrorMessage VARCHAR(500)

EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @idoc OUTPUT, @xmlData

SELECT * into #temp_table FROM OPENXML (@idoc,'/NewDataSet/RT_Transaction',0)
WITH (LogId int 'LogId',
SubId varchar(50) 'SubId',
EntryType Varchar(50) 'EntryType',
ContainerCode varchar(50) 'ContainerCode',
CreatedByUserId varchar(10) 'CreatedByUserId',
ProcessCode varchar(100) 'ProcessCode',
EquipmentId varchar(50) 'EquipmentId',
TestTypeCode varchar(50) 'TestTypeCode',
CreatedTime varchar(100) 'CreatedTime')

EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @idoc

CREATE TABLE #temp_Errortable (
LogId int,
SubId varchar(50),EntryType Varchar(50),ContainerCode varchar(50),CreatedByUserId varchar(10),ProcessCode varchar(100),EquipmentId varchar(50),TestTypeCode varchar(50),CreatedTime varchar(100),ErrorMessage Varchar(250))

SELECT TOP 1 @LogId = [LOGID] FROM #temp_table

WHILE (ISNULL(@LogId,0) <> 0)
BEGIN
SELECT
@SubId = SubID,
@EntryType = EntryType,
@ContainerCode = ContainerCode,
@EquipmentId = EquipmentId,
@ProcessCode = ProcessCode,
@TestTypeCode = TestTypeCode,
@CreatedByUserId = CreatedByUserId,
@CreatedTime = CreatedTime
FROM #temp_table WHERE [LOGID] = @LogId

IF (@EntryType = 'Cart/Box')
BEGIN
EXEC @return_Value = dbo.RT_ValidateAndInsertCart @SubId,@EntryType,@ContainerCode,@CreatedByUserId,@ValidationErrorMessage OUTPUT,@ErrorMessage OUTPUT
END
ELSE
BEGIN
EXEC @return_Value = dbo.RT_ValidateAndInsertEquipment @SubId,@EntryType,@EquipmentId,@TestTypeCode,@ProcessCode,@CreatedByUserId,@ValidationErrorMessage OUTPUT,@ErrorMessage OUTPUT
END
IF (@ValidationErrorMessage <> '')
BEGIN
-- INSERT INTO #temp_Errortable SELECT LogId,SubId,EntryType,ContainerCode,CreatedByUserId,ProcessCode,EquipmentId,TestTypeCode,CreatedTime,@ValidationErrorMessage AS ErrorMessage FROM #temp_table Where LogId=@LogId
INSERT INTO #temp_Errortable Values(@LogId,@SubId,@EntryType,@ContainerCode,@CreatedByUserId,@ProcessCode,@EquipmentId,@TestTypeCode,@CreatedTime,@ValidationErrorMessage)
END

DELETE #temp_table WHERE [LOGID] = @LogId
set @LogId = 0
SELECT TOP 1 @LogId=[LOGID] FROM #temp_table
END

DROP TABLE #temp_table

Select * From #temp_Errortable
DROP TABLE #temp_Errortable
SET NOCOUNT OFF
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
BEGIN
SELECT @ErrorMessage=ERROR_MESSAGE()
END
END CATCH
END

String Array

2009-09-07T04:29:00.000-07:00

strEmployeeName="Tester(Test)";
///

/// It will return Full name and FQN
///

///
///
public string[] SplitEmployeeNameFQN(string strEmployeeName)
{
string[] strInputValue = strEmployeeName.Split(';');
string[] arrReturn = new string[2];
//string employeeName = string.Empty;
string strFQN = string.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < strInputValue.Length; i++)
{
if (!(strInputValue[i] == ""))
{
int startIndex = strInputValue[i].IndexOf("(");
strFQN = strInputValue[i].Substring(startIndex + 1);
strFQN = strFQN.Replace(")", "");
arrReturn[0] += strFQN.Trim() + ";";
arrReturn[1] += strInputValue[i].Remove(startIndex).Trim() + ";";
}
}

return arrReturn;
}

SQL Search

2009-08-24T22:31:00.001-07:00

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[GetSparePartsECRETS]
(
@pnEcretsNum INT = NULL
,@pnvcEcretsTitle NVARCHAR(100) = NULL
,@pnvcOriginatorID NVARCHAR(50) = NULL
)
AS

BEGIN

/*SET NOCOUNT TO ON AND NO LONGER DISPLAY THE COUNT MESSAGE*/
SET NOCOUNT ON

/*START THE TRY BLOCK*/
BEGIN TRY
IF @pnEcretsNum = '' SET @pnEcretsNum = NULL
IF @pnvcEcretsTitle = '' SET @pnvcEcretsTitle = NULL
IF @pnvcOriginatorID = '' SET @pnvcOriginatorID = NULL

SELECT
TBLE.ECRETSID,
TBLE.[Title],
[TBEI].[FirstName] +' '+COALESCE([TBEI].[LastName],'') AS Originator
FROM dbo.tblECRETS TBLE,
dbo.TblEmployeeInfo TBEI
WHERE (TBLE.ECRETSID = @pnEcretsNum OR @pnEcretsNum IS NULL)
AND (TBLE.Title = @pnvcEcretsTitle OR @pnvcEcretsTitle IS NULL)
AND (TBLE.OriginatorID = @pnvcOriginatorID OR @pnvcOriginatorID IS NULL)
AND TBLE.OriginatorID = TBEI.FQN

END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF @@ERROR != 0
BEGIN
SELECT
ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber
,ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage
END
END CATCH

/*Reset SET NOCOUNT to OFF*/
SET NOCOUNT OFF
END

Web Services

2009-07-23T00:50:00.001-07:00

1. Which attribute is used in order that the method can be used as WebService ?
WebMethod attribute has to be specified in order that the method and property can be treated as WebService.
2. Do webservice have state ?
Twist :- How can we maintain State in Webservices ?
Webservices as such do not have any mechanism by which they can maintain state.
3. How to Authentication for Web Services
using SOAP headers
4. HOW TO: Pass Current Credentials to an ASP.NET Web Service
myProxy.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials
OR
localhost.MyWebService myService = new localhost.MyWebService();
System.Net.CredentialCache myCredentials = new System.Net.CredentialCache();
NetworkCredential netCred = new NetworkCredential("UserName", "Password");
myCredentials.Add(new Uri(myService.Url), "Basic", netCred);
myService.Credentials = myCredentials;
---------
DataSet dsPartDetails = new DataSet();
Item[] arrPartDetails = null;
arrPartDetails = objSrchPartsCommonMethods.GetPartService(vendorPartNum, manPartNum);
dsPartDetails = objSrchPartsCommonMethods.ConvertArrayToDataSet(arrPartDetails);
----------------------------------

public FirstSolarMasterDataServices.Item[] GetPartService(string partNumber, string manPartNum)
{
try
{
FirstSolarMasterDataServices.MasterData objFirstSolarERPWebService = new FirstSolarMasterDataServices.MasterData();
FirstSolarMasterDataServices.Item[] arrParts;

objFirstSolarERPWebService = ImpersonateDevUser();

//Calling Web services menthods
arrParts = objFirstSolarERPWebService.GetItems(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["CompanyId"].ToString(), "", partNumber, "","",manPartNum);
return arrParts;
}
catch
{
throw;
}
//code used at Onsite
//comment this code at ODC

//finally
//{
// if (m_Ctx != null)
// {
// m_Ctx.Undo();
// }
//}
}

private FirstSolarMasterDataServices.MasterData ImpersonateDevUser()
{
FirstSolarMasterDataServices.MasterData objFirstSolarErpModifyWebService = new FirstSolarMasterDataServices.MasterData();

try
{
//code used at ODC
//comment this code at Onsite
//*************************************

NetworkCredential nwCredentials = new NetworkCredential();

nwCredentials.UserName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["NWUserName"].ToString();
nwCredentials.Password = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["NWPassword"].ToString();
nwCredentials.Domain = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["NWDomain"].ToString();

//Assignign credentials to web services
objFirstSolarErpModifyWebService.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(nwCredentials.UserName, nwCredentials.Password, nwCredentials.Domain);

//*************************************

//code used at Onsite
//comment this code at ODC
//*************************************

//m_Ctx = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Impersonate();
//RevertToSelf();

//objFirstSolarERPModifyWebService.Url = ModifyWebService;

// //We have to authenticate ourselves with the web service.
//objFirstSolarERPModifyWebService.PreAuthenticate = true;
//objFirstSolarERPModifyWebService.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

//*************************************
}
catch
{
throw;
}

return objFirstSolarErpModifyWebService;
}
------------------
Covert Arrat to Dataset
---
public DataSet ConvertArrayToDataSet(Object[] objArray)
{
XmlTextReader reader;
DataSet arrayDataSet = new DataSet();
MemoryStream memStream = new MemoryStream();
XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(memStream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(objArray.GetType());
try
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, objArray);
memStream.Position = 0;
reader = new XmlTextReader(memStream);
arrayDataSet.ReadXml(reader);

return arrayDataSet;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
}

Use Data View

2009-07-21T05:18:00.001-07:00

protected void BindEmployee()
{
ConnectDB objConnectDB = null;
SqlConnection objSqlConnection = null;
SqlCommand objSqlCommand = null;
SqlDataAdapter objSqlDataAdapter = null;
DataSet objDataSet = null;
try
{
objConnectDB = new ConnectDB();
objSqlConnection = objConnectDB.getConnection();
objDataSet = new DataSet();
//string strSQL = "SELECT GUID,FirstName+' '+coalesce(LastName,'') as FullName from TblEmployeeInfo where active=1 order by FirstName+' '+coalesce(LastName,'')";
string strSQL = "SELECT GUID, FirstName+' '+coalesce(LastName,'') as FullName, REPLACE(FirstName+' '+coalesce(LastName,''),'''','\\''') as FullNameRead from TblEmployeeInfo where active=1 order by FirstName+' '+coalesce(LastName,'')";

objSqlCommand = new SqlCommand(strSQL, objSqlConnection);
objSqlDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(objSqlCommand);

objSqlDataAdapter.Fill(objDataSet);

if (txtFilter.Text == "")
{
grdvwEmployee.DataSource = objDataSet.Tables[0];
}
else
{
//DataView dv = new DataView(objDataSet.Tables[0], "FullName like '%" + txtFilter.Text.Trim() + "%'", "", DataViewRowState.CurrentRows);
DataView dv = new DataView(objDataSet.Tables[0], "FullName like '%" + txtFilter.Text.Trim().Replace("'", "") + "%'", "", DataViewRowState.CurrentRows);
grdvwEmployee.DataSource = dv;
}

grdvwEmployee.DataBind();

}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text = "Error: " + ex.Message;
}
finally
{
objSqlCommand.Dispose();
objSqlDataAdapter.Dispose();
objDataSet.Dispose();
}
}

Get Selected result with Comma separate

2009-07-20T03:12:00.000-07:00

CREATE TABLE dbo.tblItems
(
ItemID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
ItemName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.tblItems ADD CONSTRAINT
PK_Table_1 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
( ItemID )
GO

Insert into dbo.tblItems (ItemName) Values ('Item1')
Insert into dbo.tblItems (ItemName) Values ('Item2')
Insert into dbo.tblItems (ItemName) Values ('Item3')
Insert into dbo.tblItems (ItemName) Values ('Item4')
Go

Declare @m_ItemsList nvarchar(2000)
Select @m_ItemsList=''
Select @m_ItemsList=@m_ItemsList+ItemName+',' from tblItems
Select Left(@m_ItemsList,Len(@m_ItemsList)-1)

Gridview- Text Box Changed

2009-07-14T22:51:00.000-07:00

Javascript with DIV for tool tip

2009-07-13T07:39:00.000-07:00

Javascript with DIV for tool tip

2009-07-13T07:33:00.001-07:00

style="cursor: hand; ime-mode: active; color: Red">[?] When the Purchase Requisition type is Expense, please select the applicable ledger code from the drop down list. When the Purchase Requisition type is Capital or Both, please select ledger code 13105 – Construction In Progress from the drop down list.
*Part Type:		*Preventative Maintenance Part: onmouseover="Div3.style.visibility='visible'" /> Indicates if the part is a preventative maintenance part that requires replacement on a regular basis (two or more times per year).

Dot Net FAQs

2009-07-12T22:55:00.000-07:00

ExecuteNonQuery-returns number of rows effected
ExecuteReader-It will return SQLDatareader(Set of records)
ExecuteScalar-It will return last inserted row value.

GAC- C:\WINDOWS\assembly
ILDASM.EXE- C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\Bin
Q)IS there any way to restrict the Developer to delete a assembly? How can i do? pros and cons?
Ans.Yes,By placing the assembly in to GAC.

System.GC.AddMemoryPressure(200024);
System.GC.RemoveMemoryPressure(200024);
This statements will be usefull while uploading large files from .Net to server
System.GC.Collect()- forces garbage collector to run

1) What are situations when you register .NET assembly in GAC ?

2) What’s the difference between Cache object and application object ?

The main difference between the Cache and Application objects is that the Cache object
provides cache-specific features, such as dependencies and expiration policies.

3) When we use Cache object and when we use application object?

4) How can get access to cache object ?

You can get a reference
to the Cache object by using the Cache property of the HttpContext class

5) Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET ?

6)What are benefits and limitations of using Cookies?

7)How u define the cookie in ASP.Net?
Request.Cookies.Add(New HttpCookie(“name”, “user1”))

8)How cross page posting can be achieved in ASP.Net?
PostBackUrl="~/nextpage.aspx" Text="Post to nextpage" />

9)How delegates used for event handling?

10)Can you prevent a class from overriding ?

11)What is the significance of Finalize method in .NET?

12)When we required System.StringBuilder classes?

13)How can we skip some set of code from the Page PostBack?

14)Where is ViewState information stored ?
In HTML Hidden Fields.

15)How can you enable automatic paging in DataGrid ?

16)What is the method to customize columns in DataGrid?
Use the template column.

17)What are major events in GLOBAL.ASAX file ?What order they are triggered ?

18)where do we enable tracing ?
<%@ Page Trace="true" %>

19) How to kill a session in asp.net?

Session.abandon

20) How can I track event in checkbox which is one of the columns of a datagrid ?

21) What is difference between Constant and readonly properties?

get accessor in property implemantation.

22) Is structure can be inherited?

23) what is difference between static variable and private variable?

24) What is use of virtual method in a base class?

25) When we require interface? when we require abstract?

26) what is use of out parameter in c#?

27) what is the scope of extern variable?

28) what is use of static constructor?

29) What is the difference between is and as?
The AS operator is used to perform certain type of conversion between compatible reference types.
IS checks if object is compatiable with a given type.

30) What is scope of access modifers like internal,protected?

31) what is the use of partial classes?

32) What is the use of “OverRides” and “Overridable” keywords ?
Overridable is used in parent class to indicate that a method can be overridden. Overrides
is used in the child class to indicate that you are overriding a method

33)In what instances you will declare a constructor to be private?
When we create a private constructor, we can not create object of the class directly from
a client. So you will use private constructors when you do not want instances of the class
to be created by any external client. Example UTILITY functions in project will have no
instance and be used with out creating instance, as creating instances of the class would
be waste of memory.

34)Can two catch blocks be executed?
No, once the proper catch section is executed the control goes finally to block. So there
will not be any scenarios in which multiple catch blocks will be executed.

35)What is impersonation in ASP.NET ?
By default, ASP.NET executes in the security context of a restricted user account on the
local machine. Sometimes you need to access network resources such as a file on a shared
drive, which requires additional permissions. One way to overcome this restriction is to
use impersonation. With impersonation, ASP.NET can execute the request using the
identity of the client who is making the request, or ASP.NET can impersonate a specific
account you specify in web.config.

36)Can you explain in brief how the ASP.NET authentication process works?
ASP.NET does not run by itself, it runs inside the process of IIS. So there are two
authentication layers which exist in ASP.NET system. First authentication happens at
the IIS level and then at the ASP.NET level depending on the WEB.CONFIG file.
Below is how the whole process works:-
v IIS first checks to make sure the incoming request comes from an IP address
that is allowed access to the domain. If not it denies the request.
v Next IIS performs its own user authentication if it is configured to do so. By
default IIS allows anonymous access, so requests are automatically
authenticated, but you can change this default on a per – application basis
with in IIS.
v If the request is passed to ASP.net with an authenticated user, ASP.net checks
to see whether impersonation is enabled. If impersonation is enabled, ASP.net
acts as though it were the authenticated user. If not ASP.net acts with its own
configured account.
v Finally the identity from step 3 is used to request resources from the operating
system. If ASP.net authentication can obtain all the necessary resources it
grants the users request otherwise it is denied. Resources can include much
more than just the ASP.net page itself you can also use .Net’s code access
security features to extend this authorization step to disk files, Registry keys
and other resources.

37)How can we check if all the validation control are valid
and proper ?
Using the Page.IsValid() property you can check whether all the validation are done

38)What are the two fundamental objects in ADO.NET ?
Datareader and Dataset are the two fundamental objects in ADO.NET.

39)What is the use of command objects ?
They are used to connect connection object to Datareader or dataset. Following are the
methods provided by command object :-
v ExecuteNonQuery :- Executes the command defined in the CommandText
property against the connection defined in the Connection property for a query
that does not return any row (an UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT). Returns
an Integer indicating the number of rows affected by the query.
v ExecuteReader :- Executes the command defined in the CommandText property
against the connection defined in the Connection property. Returns a "reader"
object that is connected to the resulting rowset within the database, allowing
the rows to be retrieved.
v ExecuteScalar :- Executes the command defined in the CommandText property
against the connection defined in the Connection property. Returns only
single value (effectively the first column of the first row of the resulting rowset)
any other returned columns and rows are discarded. It is fast and efficient
when only a "singleton" value is required

What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
You can use Having Clause with the GROUP BY function in a query and WHERE
Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.

(B) What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL SQL syntax ?
UNION SQL syntax is used to select information from two tables. But it selects only
distinct records from both the table, while UNION ALL selects all records from both the
tables.

When listing product information you might want to draw the user's eye to products that
are out of stock. one way to accomplish this would be to change the back ground colour of those
rows with unit in stock value of 0.

The gridview offers a onRowDataBound event that fires once for each row after the row has been creted
and bound to corresponding record of data from the data source control.

FAQ

2009-07-12T22:54:00.000-07:00

1.architecture of .net
2.What is IL and CLR
3.Collections -Arrary, array list , hash array
4.How can we handile exception in .Net and SQL server--
5.Tell me simple steps to bind a grid using sql connection
6.State management-
7.Diff b/w Session and application memory
8.How to swap 2 values with out using temp
9.Overriding and Overloading
10. Dataset and reader...
11. Can we run all versions of .Net applications in same server.
12.One array size is 100, i have entered 99 records(Numbers from 1 to 100) in that array, how can i find missed value.
13.I have 2 arrays with diff size, i want to dispaly matched records and unmatched recores.
14..Net is plat form independent.
15. Tell me what are the namespaces we use to work with ajax. (Ans: System.Web.Extensions, System.Web.Extensions.Design)
16. Can my application can have more that 1 .config files...YES
17.Can i have more that one DLL with same name in my system. Ans)Yes in GAC it is possible
18.Diff b/w EXE and DLL
19.How can we improve asp.net application erformance.
22. architecture of u r current application. how can u support u r architecture is sutable for u r aplication.
23.how can we call webservices.

Tell u have a knowledge on workflows.....which u have..
1.what is workflow.
2.what is the use of workflows

Diff b/w function and SP in SQL
New features in sql 2005 that 2000
what is index in sql and advantages, diss adva?

How to get inserted row identity value from Database in SP?
Ans)
If you are using SQL Server 7.0, simply change the line in the stored procedure from ...

SELECT NEWID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()

... to ...

SELECT NEWID = @@IDENTITY

SQL

2009-05-28T07:07:00.000-07:00

ALTER TABLE Table_1 ALTER COLUMN test1 nchar(20)
------------------------------
Declare @NewInt
intexec DebugA 5,@NewInt OUTPUT
Select @NewInt
-------------------
CREATE TABLE tt (EntryID uniqueidentifier DEFAULT NewID())
select EntryID from ttt
CREATE TABLE ttt (EntryID uniqueidentifier DEFAULT NewSequentialID())
INSERT INTO tt DEFAULT VALUES
-------------------------------------------------
--Table structure

CREATE TABLE dbo.GUIDTable2
(
GUIDCol uniqueidentifier NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT (NEWID()),
OtherColumn varchar(25) NOT NULL
)
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.GUIDTable2 (OtherColumn) VALUES ('Performance tuning')
select * from GUIDTable2
------------------------------------------------
Auto Increment
-----------------
Create TABLE tbl_Processes
(
ProcessID int IDENTITY(1,1),
ProcessName nvarchar (100),
Active bit,
CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (ProcessID)
)
-----------------------------------------------------

Create TABLE new_employees
(
id_num int IDENTITY(1,1),
fname varchar (20)
)
--------------------------------
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
----------------------------
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id,LastName)
)
----------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE Customer
(SID integer PRIMARY KEY,
Last_Name varchar(30),
First_Name varchar(30));

-----------------------------------
CREATE TABLE ORDERS
(Order_ID integer primary key,
Order_Date datetime,
Customer_SID integer references CUSTOMER(SID),
Amount double);

--------------------------------------------------------

SELECT *
FROM TableName E1
WHERE (N =
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (E2.sal))
FROM TableName E2
WHERE E2.sal >= E1.sal))

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

sp_helptext GetUniqueAppID-------We can view the sp
---------------------------------
SQL Server Installation
-----------------------
http://www.functionx.com/sqlserver/Lesson01.htm
http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/sql-server-2005/getting-started-with-sql-server-2005/1.html

http://www.ss64.com/sql/

Copying a Database from SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server 2008 using the Copy Database Wizard

http://www.packtpub.com/article/copying-database-sql-2008-copy-database-wizard

http://blog.sqlauthority.com/

Reporting Services:
--------------------
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc188691.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/2005ssrs.mspx

http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/learn-sql-server/beginning-sql-server-2005-reporting-services-part-1/

http://www.dotnetheaven.com/UploadFile/ursbgiri/106012007065515AM/1.aspx

Reporting
------------
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/MergeReplication.aspx
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/reporting-services/RecursiveData.aspx

GOOD:
=====
SELECT max( mark ) FROM `student`
--------------------
SELECT * FROM Product where Product_price = (
SELECT MAX(Product_price)FROM Product WHERE Product_price < (SELECT MAX(Product_price) FROM Product) ) -------------------- SELECT * FROM Product E1 WHERE(3 =(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (E2.Product_price))FROM Product E2 WHERE E2.Product_price >= E1.Product_price))
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Renaming a Column
------------------
sp_rename 'TableName.ColumnName', 'NewColumnName', 'COLUMN'

Deleting a Column
-----------------
ALTER TABLE TableName
DROP COLUMN ColumnName

DATE TIME
---------
http://www.sqljunkies.ddj.com/Article/6676BEAE-1967-402D-9578-9A1C7FD826E5.scuk

Retrieve Current Date Time in SQL Server
----------------------------------------
SELECT {fn NOW()}
GO
SELECT GETDATE()
GO
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
GO

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),111)
--------------------------------
DateTime dtDOB = Convert.ToDateTime(Request.Form["TextBox1"].ToString());
DateTime dtNow = DateTime.Now;
//TimeSpan k=dtNow.Subtract(dtDOB);

if ((dtNow.Subtract(dtDOB).TotalDays / 365) < 18)
{
Response.Write("Sorry");
}
else
{
Response.Write("Success");
}
-------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE MyTable
(
ID TINYINT NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
FirstCol TINYINT NOT NULL,
SecondCol TINYINT NOT NULL,
ThirdCol TINYINT NOT NULL,
ComputedCol AS (FirstCol+SecondCol)*ThirdCol
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

INSERT INTO MyTable
([FirstCol],[SecondCol] ,[ThirdCol]) values (1,2,3)
GO

SELECT *
FROM MyTable
GO
----------------------------------------------------\\

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/rbhelp/v6r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.redbrick.doc6.3/sqlrg/sqlrg67.htm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[VALIDATEUSER]
@UserName VARCHAR(100),
@Password VARCHAR(100),
@Result INT OUT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Cnt AS INT

SELECT @Cnt = COUNT(*) FROM USERS WHERE USERNAME=@UserName AND PASSWORD=@Password
IF(@Cnt=0)
BEGIN

SELECT @Cnt = COUNT(*) FROM USERS WHERE USERNAME=@UserName
IF(@Cnt=0)
BEGIN
SET @Result = -1
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @Result = 0
END

END
ELSE
BEGIN
SELECT @Result=USERID FROM USERS WHERE USERNAME=@UserName AND PASSWORD=@Password
END
END

Upload Document To MOSS 2007

2009-05-28T06:07:00.000-07:00

SPSite siteCollection = null;
SPWeb topLevelSite = null;
string strDocLibraryLink = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SPDocumentLibrary"].ToString();
//"http://#/Corporate/DealDesk/Documents/";
siteCollection = new SPSite(strDocLibraryLink);
topLevelSite = siteCollection.AllWebs[ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["TopLevelSite"].ToString()];
// siteCollection.AllWebs["Corporate/DealDesk"];

topLevelSite.AllowUnsafeUpdates = true;
SPList list = topLevelSite.Lists["Documents"];
//foreach (SPListItem item in list.Items)
//{
// if (Convert.ToString(item["ID"]).Equals(strUARID))
// {
SPFolder objFolder = topLevelSite.GetFolder("documents");
byte[] bufDoc = null;
string strFileName = Path.GetFileName(filename.FileName);
strMossFileName = strFileName;
int nLen = filename.ContentLength;
bufDoc = new byte[nLen];
Stream oStream = filename.InputStream;
oStream.Read(bufDoc, 0, nLen);
// SPFile file = objFolder.Files.Add(strFileName, bufDoc, true);
System.GC.AddMemoryPressure(200024);
SPFile file = objFolder.Files.Add(strFileName, oStream, true);
Response.Write("File Name:" + file);
Response.Write("File ID:" + file.Item["ID"].ToString());
//strFileName = file;
file.Update();

Note: In K2 we should not upload document, tr .net only we have upload and then in k2 we have update Metadata only tr file name as a identity.

Bind Data with dataset

2008-04-28T05:05:00.000-07:00

SqlConnection con=new SqlConnection("user id=sa;password=;database=northwind;data source=compaq12");
SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from orders order by "+ str,con);
DataSet ds=new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds,"orders");
DataGrid1.DataSource=ds.Tables["orders"];
DataGrid1.DataBind();

Bind data with datareader

2008-04-28T04:56:00.000-07:00

void Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection myConnection;
SqlCommand myCommand;
SqlDataReader myDataReader;
myConnection = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["strConn"]); myConnection.Open();
//prepare sql statements
myCommand = new SqlCommand("SELECT TOP 10 * FROM EMPLOYEE", myConnection);
myDataReader = myCommand.ExecuteReader();
while (myDataReader.Read())
{
Response.Write(myDataReader["fname"]);
//Spacing
Response.Write(" ");
Response.Write(myDataReader["minit"]);
//Spacing
Response.Write(" ");
Response.Write(myDataReader["lname"]);
//New Line
Response.Write("
");
}
//cleanup objects
myDataReader.Close();
myConnection.Close();
}

DATABASE Tuning

2008-04-28T04:48:00.000-07:00

1) Return Multiple Resultsets
2) Connection Pooling and Object Pooling
3) Use SqlDataReader Instead of Dataset wherever it is possible
4) Keep Your Datasets Lean
5) Avoid Inefficient queries
6) Unnecessary round trips
7) Too many open connections
8) Avoid Transaction misuse
9) Avoid Over Normalized tables
10) Reduce Serialization
11) Do Not Use CommandBuilder at Run Time
12) Use Stored Procedures Whenever Possible
13) Avoid Auto-Generated Commands
14) Use Sequential Access as Often as Possible

Asp.Net Web applications Performance tuning

2008-04-28T04:17:00.000-07:00

1) Turn off Tracing unless until required
trace enabled="false"
2) Turn off Session State, if not required
<@%Page EnableSessionState="false"%>
3) Disable View State of a Page if possible
4) Set debug=false in web.config
5) Avoid Response.Redirect
5. A) To reduce CLR Exceptions count, Use Response.Redirect (".aspx", false) instead of response.redirect (".aspx").
6) Use the String builder to concatenate string
7) Avoid throwing exceptions
8) Use Finally Method to kill resources
9) Use Client Side Scripts for validations
10) Avoid unnecessary round trips to the server
11) Use Page.ISPostBack
12) Include Return Statements with in the Function/Method
13) Use Foreach loop instead of For loop for String Iteration
14) Avoid Unnecessary Indirection
15) Use "ArrayLists" in place of arrays
16) Always check Page.IsValid when using Validator Controls
17) Use Paging
18) Store your content by using caching
19) Use low cost authentication
20) Minimize the number of web server controls
21) Avoid using unmanaged code
22) Avoid making frequent calls across processes
23) Cleaning Up Style Sheets and Script Files
24) Design with ValueTypes
25) Minimize assemblies
26) Encode Using ASCII When You Don't Need UTF
27) Avoid Recursive Functions / Nested Loops
28) Minimize the Use of Format ()
29) Place StyleSheets into the Header
30) Put Scripts to the end of Document
31) Make JavaScript and CSS External

i am successfully storing images into database by converting images into bytes.

2008-04-22T03:25:00.000-07:00

SqlCommand cmdSelect=new SqlCommand("select Picture from tblImgData where ID=@ID",this.sqlConnection1);
cmdSelect.Parameters.Add("@ID",SqlDbType.Int,4);
cmdSelect.Parameters["@ID"].Value=this.editID.Text;
this.sqlConnection1.Open();byte[] barrImg=(byte[])cmdSelect.ExecuteScalar();
string strfn=Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.ToFileTime());
FileStream fs=new FileStream(strfn,FileMode.CreateNew,FileAccess.Write);
fs.Write(barrImg,0,barrImg.Length);
fs.Flush();
fs.Close();
pictureBox1.Image=Image.ఫ్రం
File(strfn);
---------------------
http://www.odetocode.com/Articles/172.aspx

---------------------
Dim myConnection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("ConnectionString"))
Dim myCommand As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("sp_das_person_real_images_sel", myConnection)
myCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
Try
myConnection.Open()
DG_Persons.DataSource = myCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection)
DG_Persons.DataBind()
Catch
SQLexc As SqlException
Response.Write("Error occured while Generating Data. Error is " & SQLexc.ToString())
End Try

javascript

2008-04-22T02:39:00.000-07:00

How to hide a button:
-----------------------
function hide()
{
document.form1.check.style.visibility = 'hidden';
return;
}

----------------------

Call the above function in button Onclick="hide();"

Chat Programm in ASP.NET

2008-04-22T02:23:00.000-07:00

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/applications/SimpleChat.aspx
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/applications/AliAspNetChat.aspx
http://forums.devarticles.com/net-development-43/simple-chat-page-in-asp-net-using-c-7566.html
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Ajax_Chat.aspx

REF .codeproject

How to open filedialog in web applications

2008-04-22T02:17:00.000-07:00

call below function when u need to open dialog box
DisplayDownloadDialog("MyDown.doc")
----------------------------------------------------------
Sub DisplayDownloadDialog(ByVal PathVirtual As String)

Dim strPhysicalPath As String
Dim objFileInfo As System.IO.FileInfo
Try
strPhysicalPath = Server.MapPath(PathVirtual)
'exit if file does not exist
If Not System.IO.File.Exists(strPhysicalPath) Then Exit Sub
objFileInfo = New System.IO.FileInfo(strPhysicalPath)
Response.Clear()
'Add Headers to enable dialog display
Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" & objFileInfo.Name)
Response.AddHeader("Content-Length", objFileInfo.Length.ToString())

Response.ContentType = "application/octet-stream"
Response.WriteFile(objFileInfo.FullName)

Catch
'on exception take no action
'you can implement differently
Finally

Response.End()

End Try
End Sub

How to Restore database back-up(.bak) file

2008-04-22T01:19:00.000-07:00

STEP-1

STEP-2

STEP-3

STEP-4

STEP-5

STEP-6

NEWS

2008-04-22T01:03:00.000-07:00

http://www.eenadu.net/

http://www.sakshi.com/

http://www.andhrajyothy.com/

http://www.greatandhra.com

http://www.vaarttha.com/

Cursors

2008-04-22T00:47:00.000-07:00

Static cursors
Dynamic cursors
Forward-only cursors
Keyset-driven cursors

Static cursors:
A static cursor always displays the result set as it was when the cursor was opened. Static cursors are always read-only.

Dynamic Cursors:
Dynamic cursors are the opposite of static cursors. Dynamic cursors reflect all changes made to the rows in their result set when scrolling through the cursor.

Forward-only Cursors:
A forward-only cursor does not support scrolling; it supports only fetching the rows serially from the start to the end of the cursor.

Keyset-driven Cursors:
The keyset is the set of the key values from all the rows that qualified for the SELECT statement at the time the cursor was opened

SQL KEYS

2008-04-16T23:40:00.000-07:00

Get Day from DATE:
SELECT DAY(GETDATE())

How to get the version of SQL Server
SELECT @@VERSION AS 'SQL Server Version'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Be aware that there are often subtle syntax variations between different database systems. Also other key properties (for example 'clustered') will vary between database systems. Therefore please treat this part of the SQL crib sheet as a guide only.

Create a primary key on a table:
Alter Table TheTable Add Primary Key (field1, field2)
To add an index on a field:
alter table TableName Add Index (field1)
To remove a primary key:
alter table drop primary key

Simple SQL Statements

2008-04-16T23:33:00.000-07:00

TOP
SELECT TOP 1 sal FROM (SELECT TOP 2 sal FROM jobs ORDER BY sal DESC)
AS E ORDER BY sal ASC
N th salary
select * from emp e where n=(select count(distinct sal) from emp where e.sal<=sal)

Select * from jobs where min_lvl in (select min_lvl from jobs group by min_lvl having count (*) > 1)

General Concepts
A constraint is a property assigned to a column or the set of columns in a table that prevents certain types of inconsistent data values from being placed in the column(s). Constraints are used to enforce the data integrity. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database. The following categories of the data integrity exist:
 Entity Integrity
 Domain Integrity
 Referential integrity
 User-Defined IntegrityEntity Integrity ensures that there are no duplicate rows in a table.Domain Integrity enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the format, or the range of possible values.Referential integrity ensures that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records (for example, corresponding data values between tables will be vital).User-Defined Integrity enforces some specific business rules that do not fall into entity, domain, or referential integrity categories.Each of these categories of the data integrity can be enforced by the appropriate constraints. Microsoft SQL Server supports the following constraints:
 PRIMARY KEY
 UNIQUE
 FOREIGN KEY
 CHECK
 NOT NULLA PRIMARY KEY constraint is a unique identifier for a row within a database table. Every table should have a primary key constraint to uniquely identify each row and only one primary key constraint can be created for each table. The primary key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity.

A UNIQUE constraint enforces the uniqueness of the values in a set of columns, so no duplicate values are entered. The unique key constraints are used to enforce entity integrity as the primary key constraints.A FOREIGN KEY constraint prevents any actions that would destroy link between tables with the corresponding data values. A foreign key in one table points to a primary key in another table. Foreign keys prevent actions that would leave rows with foreign key values when there are no primary keys with that value. The foreign key constraints are used to enforce referential integrity.A CHECK constraint is used to limit the values that can be placed in a column. The check constraints are used to enforce domain integrity.A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not accept null values. The not null constraints are used to enforce domain integrity, as the check constraints.You can create constraints when the table is created, as part of the table definition by using the CREATE TABLE statement.
Examples
The following example creates a check_sale CHECK constraint on an employee table:
CREATE TABLE employee( EmployeeId INT NOT NULL, LName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, FName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, HireDate DATETIME NOT NULL, Salary MONEY NOT NULL CONSTRAINT check_sale CHECK (salary > 0))
You can add constraints to an existing table by using the ALTER TABLE statement. The following example adds a pk_employee primary key constraint on an employee table:
ALTER TABLE employee ADD CONSTRAINT pk_employee PRIMARY KEY (EmployeeId)
You can add the primary or unique key constraint into an existing table only when there are no duplicate rows in the table. You can drop constraints in an existing table by using the ALTER TABLE statement. The following example drops the pk_employee primary key constraint in the employee table:
ALTER TABLE employee DROP CONSTRAINT pk_employee
Sometimes you need to perform some actions that require the FOREIGN KEY or CHECK constraints be disabled, for example, your company do not hire foreign employees, you made the appropriate constraint, but the situation was changed and your boss need to hire the foreign employee, but only this one. In this case, you need to disable the constraint by using the ALTER TABLE statement. After these actions will be performed, you can re-enable the FOREIGN KEY and CHECK constraints by using the ALTER TABLE statement.The following example disables the check_sale constraint in the employee table and enables this constraint later:
-- disable the check_sale constraint in the employee tableALTER TABLE employee NOCHECK CONSTRAINT check_sale

-- enable the check_sale constraint in the employee tableALTER TABLE employee CHECK CONSTRAINT check_sale

Delete & Truncate

2008-04-16T06:13:00.000-07:00

out put will same but u can add some moredifference like1.delete can be rollback truncate cann.t be roleback.2.on delete trigger can be fire.but in truncate no trigger can be fire.3.delete is a dml statement while truncate is a dll statement
Delete Command: 1. It’s a DML Command 2. Data can be rolled back. 3. Its slower than Truncate command b’coz it logs each row deletion. 4. With delete command trigger can be fire.
Truncate Command: 1. It’s a DML Command 2. Data Can not be rolled back. 3. Its is faster than delete b’coz it does not log rows. With Truncate command trigger can not be fire. both cases only the table data is removed, not the table structure

Refelction

2008-04-16T06:10:00.000-07:00

Refelction is the mechanism of discovering class information solely at run time.Wondering where it would be useful? Imagine,you are in visual studio IDE (Integrated devolopment environment) and as you type "object." you would see all the methods,properties and events associated with that object.An other example would be an Object browser.The code attached here,loads all assemblies and displays each class,its contructors, methods, properties and events in tree view.The form also hase a command botton (labeled More Reflection) in whose click event I create an object of MyClass1 class based on the name of the class and invoke its methods during run time.

While there are many reasons to use reflection, let me give you a real life example. Say you are building a custom component in .NET that requires a XML file to be used along with your components DLL. You can store the XML file in the /bin directory with your DLL, but how will you access the XML file without knowing the correct path to the /bin directory? I'm sure this is a rhetorical question if you have understand even 10% of what I have wrote so far, but I'll tell you anyways: r e f l e c t i o n. I've created a sample code snippet for you that does just this. Keep reading…

Simple Mailing

2008-04-16T06:06:00.000-07:00

1.1-System.Web.Mail
2.0-system.net.mail

-----------------------------------------------
2.0
string AdminEmailId = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Conn"];
------------------------
string AdminEmailId = ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["AdminEmailId"];
MailMessage strmail = new MailMessage();
strmail.To = AdminEmailId;
strmail.From = txtEmail.Text;
strmail.Body = ("

Hi,

The below are the details of person who is looking for a job.

" + (BodyString + "

Thanks."));
strmail.BodyFormat = MailFormat.Html;
strmail.Subject = "Hai";
System.Web.Mail.SmtpMail.Send(strmail);

Get Post

2008-04-16T06:05:00.001-07:00

1. Incase of Get method the information entered into the input frames will carried to the server along with the requested URL as a query strem.Where as
Incase of Post method the client input data will be carried along with form headers but not with the URL.
2. the Limitation of Get method is it cant carry the data more than 256 characters where as in
Post method there is no Limitation in the size of the data.
3. The advantage of Get method is it works faster than the post method . POST is more safer then GET. Because the URL doesn't expose the data.
4. Incase of ASP the default method is Get where as in Asp.Net is Post

How to prevent my .NET DLL to be decompiled?

2008-04-16T06:03:00.000-07:00

By design .NET embeds rich Meta data inside the executable code using MSIL. Any one can easilydecompile your DLL back using tools like ILDASM (owned by Microsoft) or Reflector for.NET which is a third party. Secondly there are many third party tools which make this decompilingprocess a click away. So any one can easily look in to your assemblies and reverse engineer themback in to actual source code and understand some real good logic which can make it easy tocrack your application.

The process by which you can stop this reverse engineering is using “obfuscation”. It’s a techniquewhich will foil the decompilers. There are many third parties (XenoCode, Demeanor for .NET)which provide .NET obfuscation solution. Microsoft includes one that is Dotfuscator CommunityEdition with Visual Studio.NET

Compiled vs. Interpreted

2008-04-16T06:01:00.000-07:00

Programming languages generally fall into one of two categories: Compiled or Interpreted.
With a compiled language, code you enter is reduced to a set of machine-specific instructions before being saved as an executable file.
With interpreted languages, the code is saved in the same format that you entered.
Compiled programs generally run faster than interpreted ones because interpreted programs must be reduced to machine instructions at runtime.
However, with an interpreted language you can do things that cannot be done in a compiled language.
For example, interpreted programs can modify themselves by adding or changing functions at runtime. It is also usually easier to develop applications in an interpreted environment because you don't have to recompile your application each time you want to test a small section.

VCS

2008-04-16T05:59:00.000-07:00

Short for Concurrent Versions System, an open-source, network-transparent program that allows developers to keep track of different development versions of source code. CVS does not maintain multiple versions of source code files but keeps a single copy and records of all of the changes that are made. When a developer wants a particular development version of a file, CVS will reconstruct that version based on its records. Bugs can often get into code when it is modified and may not be detected until long after the modification is made. CVS can retrieve old versions of the code, allowing the developer to see precisely which change caused the bug. CVS is also useful when more than one person is working on a specific file, where it is possible for the developers to overwrite each other's changes. CVS solves this problem by having each developer work in an individual directory and then merging the work from each after the work is complete.

It is important to note that CVS is not a build system but rather a way to control disparate versions of code as it is developed over time.
CVS is also called a version control system.

Configure SMTP Mail Server

2008-04-16T05:55:00.000-07:00

Please find the following steps to setup the SMTP Mail server.

1) Go to IIS.
2) Go to Default SMTP Virtual Server à Right Click on this.
3) Go to Properties à Go to “Access” Tab.
4) Go to “Relay restrictions” Section à Click on Relay button.
5) Select “Only the list below” radio button à Click on Add button.
6) Select Single Computer à Give IP Address as 127.0.0.1
7) Click on OK.

Note: Please START the Default SMTP Virtual Server in IIS if it is STOP

Remove SQL Logfile

2008-04-16T05:52:00.000-07:00

BACKUP LOG WITH TRUNCATE_ONLYGO
EX: BACKUP LOG pubs WITH TRUNCATE_ONLYGO

Simple Storeprocedure

2008-04-16T05:48:00.000-07:00

INSERT:-
========================
CREATE PROCEDURE SP_INSERT_VALUES
(
@ProdName char(50), @active bit, @SortOrder int
)
as
INSERT INTO atmt_products (ProdName,active,SortOrder )
VALUES
(@ProdName,@active,@SortOrder)
return @@identity
GO
=================================
UPDATE:-
===========================
CREATE PROCEDURE SP_UPDATE_VALUES
(
@prodid int, @ProdName Nchar(50), @active bit, @SortOrder int)
as
UPDATE atmt_products SET ProdName=@ProdName,active=@active,SortOrder=@SortOrder
WHERE
prodid=@prodid
GO
==========================
DELETE:-
========================
CREATE PROCEDURE SP_DELETE
(
@prodid int
)
as
delete from atmt_products WHERE prodid=@prodid
GO

TRIGGERS

2008-04-16T05:43:00.000-07:00

The SQL CREATE TRIGGER statement provides a way for the database management system to actively control, monitor, and manage a group of tables whenever an insert, update, or delete operation is performed. The statements specified in the SQL trigger are executed each time an SQL insert, update, or delete operation is performed. An SQL trigger may call stored procedures or user-defined functions to perform additional processing when the trigger is executed.
Unlike stored procedures, an SQL trigger cannot be directly called from an application. Instead, an SQL trigger is invoked by the database management system on the execution of a triggering insert, update, or delete operation. The definition of the SQL trigger is stored in the database management system and is invoked by the database management system, when the SQL table, that the trigger is defined on, is modified.

Implementing Triggers in SQL Server 2000

Triggers are special types of Stored Procedures that are defined to execute automatically in place of or after data modifications. They can be executed automatically on the INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE triggering actions.
There are two different types of triggers in Microsoft SQL Server 2000. They are INSTEAD OF triggers and AFTER triggers. These triggers differ from each other in terms of their purpose and when they are fired. In this article we shall discuss each type of trigger.
First of all, let's create a sample database with some tables and insert some sample data in those tables using the script below:

Create Database KDMNN
GO

USE KDMNN
GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[User_Details] (
[UserID] [int] NULL ,
[FName] [varchar] (50) NOT NULL ,
[MName] [varchar] (50) NULL ,
[LName] [varchar] (50) NOT NULL ,
[Email] [varchar] (50) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[User_Master] (
[UserID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
[UserName] [varchar] (50) NULL ,
[Password] [varchar] (50) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[User_Master] WITH NOCHECK ADD
CONSTRAINT [PK_User_Master] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[UserID]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[User_Details] ADD
CONSTRAINT [FK_User_Details_User_Master] FOREIGN KEY
(
[UserID]
) REFERENCES [dbo].[User_Master] (
[UserID]
)
GO

INSERT INTO USER_MASTER(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
SELECT 'Navneeth','Navneeth' UNION
SELECT 'Amol','Amol' UNION
SELECT 'Anil','Anil' UNION
SELECT 'Murthy','Murthy'

INSERT INTO USER_DETAILS(USERID, FNAME, LNAME, EMAIL)
SELECT 1,'Navneeth','Naik','navneeth@kdmnn.com' UNION
SELECT 2,'Amol','Kulkarni','amol@kdmnn.com' UNION
SELECT 3,'Anil','Bahirat','anil@kdmnn.com' UNION
SELECT 4,'Murthy','Belluri','murthy@kdmnn.com'

AFTER Triggers
The type of trigger that gets executed automatically after the statement that triggered it completes is called an AFTER trigger. An AFTER trigger is a trigger that gets executed automatically before the transaction is committed or rolled back.
Using the below script, first we shall create a trigger on the table USER_MASTER for the INSERT event of the table.

USE KDMNN
Go

CREATE TRIGGER trgInsert
ON User_Master
FOR INSERT
AS
Print ('AFTER Trigger [trgInsert] – Trigger executed !!')
GO

BEGIN TRANSACTION
DECLARE @ERR INT

INSERT INTO USER_MASTER(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
VALUES('Damerla','Damerla')

SET @ERR = @@Error
IF @ERR = 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
PRINT 'ROLLBACK TRANSACTION'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
COMMIT TRANSACTION
PRINT 'COMMIT TRANSACTION'
END

Output
AFTER Trigger [trgInsert] – Trigger executed !!
(1 row(s) affected)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

By looking at the output, we can conclude that before the transaction is rolled back or committed, the AFTER trigger gets executed automatically. A table can have several AFTER triggers for each of the three triggering actions i.e., INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE. Using the below script, we shall create two triggers on the table User_Master for the INSERT triggering action.

CREATE TRIGGER trgInsert2
ON User_Master
FOR INSERT
AS
BEGIN
Print ('AFTER Trigger [trgInsert2] – Trigger executed !!')
END
GO

CREATE TRIGGER trgInsert3
ON User_Master
FOR INSERT
AS
BEGIN
Print ('AFTER Trigger [trgInsert3] – Trigger executed !!')
END
GO

BEGIN TRANSACTION
DECLARE @ERR INT

INSERT INTO USER_MASTER(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
VALUES('Damerla','Damerla')

SET @ERR = @@Error
IF @ERR = 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
PRINT 'ROLLBACK TRANSACTION'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
COMMIT TRANSACTION
PRINT 'COMMIT TRANSACTION'
END

Output
AFTER Trigger [trgInsert] – Trigger executed !!
AFTER Trigger [trgInsert2] – Trigger executed !!
AFTER Trigger [trgInsert3] – Trigger executed !!
(1 row(s) affected)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

Triggers can be used in the following scenarios, such as if the database is de-normalized and requires an automated way to update redundant data contained in multiple tables, or if customized messages and complex error handling are required, or if a value in one table must be validated against a non-identical value in another table.
Triggers are a powerful tool that can be used to enforce the business rules automatically when the data is modified. Triggers can also be used to maintain the data integrity. But they are not to maintain data integrity. Triggers should be used to maintain the data integrity only if you are unable to enforce the data integrity using CONSTRAINTS, RULES and DEFAULTS. Triggers cannot be created on the temporary tables.

NORMALIZATION

2008-04-16T05:36:00.000-07:00

What is normalization?
Normalization is the process of designing a data model to efficiently store data in a database. The end result is that redundant data is eliminated, and only data related to the attribute is stored within the table.
For example, let's say we store City, State and ZipCode data for Customers in the same table as Other Customer data. With this approach, we keep repeating the City, State and ZipCode data for all Customers in the same area. Instead of storing the same data again and again, we could normalize the data and create a related table called City. The "City" table could then store City, State and ZipCode along with IDs that relate back to the Customer table, and we can eliminate those three columns from the Customer table and add the new ID column.
Normalization rules have been broken down into several forms. People often refer to the third normal form (3NF) when talking about database design. This is what most database designers try to achieve: In the conceptual stages, data is segmented and normalized as much as possible, but for practical purposes those segments are changed during the evolution of the data model. Various normal forms may be introduced for different parts of the data model to handle the unique situations you may face.
Whether you have heard about normalization or not, your database most likely follows some of the rules, unless all of your data is stored in one giant table. We will take a look at the first three normal forms and the rules for determining the different forms here.
Rules for First Normal Form (1NF)
Eliminate repeating groups. This table contains repeating groups of data in the Software column.

Rules for second Normal Form (2NF)
Eliminate redundant data plus 1NF. This table contains the name of the software which is redundant data.

Rules for Third Normal Form (3NF)
Eliminate columns ‘not dependent on key’ plus 1NF and 2NF. In this table, we have data that contains both data about the computer and the user.

To eliminate columns not dependent on the key, we would create the following tables. Now the data stored in the computer table is only related to the computer, and the data stored in the user table is only related to the user.

What does normalization have to do with SQL Server?
To be honest, the answer here is nothing. SQL Server, like any other RDBMS, couldn't care less whether your data model follows any of the normal forms. You could create one table and store all of your data in one table or you can create a lot of little, unrelated tables to store your data. SQL Server will support whatever you decide to do. The only limiting factor you might face is the maximum number of columns SQL Server supports for a table.
SQL Server does not force or enforce any rules that require you to create a database in any of the normal forms. You are able to mix and match any of the rules you need, but it is a good idea to try to normalize your database as much as possible when you are designing it. People tend to spend a lot of time up front creating a normalized data model, but as soon as new columns or tables need to be added, they forget about the initial effort that was devoted to creating a nice clean model.
To assist in the design of your data model, you can use the DaVinci tools that are part of SQL Server Enterprise Manager.
Advantages of normalization
1. Smaller database: By eliminating duplicate data, you will be able to reduce the overall size of the database.2. Better performance:
a. Narrow tables: Having more fine-tuned tables allows your tables to have less columns and allows you to fit more records per data page.b. Fewer indexes per table mean faster maintenance tasks such as index rebuilds.c. Only join tables that you need.
Disadvantages of normalization
1. More tables to join: By spreading out your data into more tables, you increase the need to join tables.2. Tables contain codes instead of real data: Repeated data is stored as codes rather than meaningful data. Therefore, there is always a need to go to the lookup table for the value.3. Data model is difficult to query against: The data model is optimized for applications, not for ad hoc querying.
Summary
Your data model design is both an art and a science. Balance what works best to support the application that will use the database and to store data in an efficient and structured manner. For transaction-based systems, a highly normalized database design is the way to go; it ensures consistent data throughout the entire database and that it is performing well. For reporting-based systems, a less normalized database is usually the best approach. You will eliminate the need to join a lot of tables and queries will be faster. Plus, the database will be much more user friendly for ad hoc reporting needs.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

2008-04-14T08:00:00.000-07:00

What is Search Engine Optimization (SEO)?
You might have heard of the word SEO mean search engine optimization. Google is major search engine and if you have a website, you can get more traffic on your site by adding it to search engines like google yahoo or msn. There are many ways to add your site to search engines and get crawled.
Search engine optimization is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings. The term also refers to an industry of consultants that carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients' sites. Search Engines display different kinds of listings in the search engine results pages (SERPs), including: pay-per-click advertisements, paid inclusion listings, and organic search results. SEO is primarily concerned with advancing the goals of a web site by improving the number and position of its organic search results for a wide variety of relevant keywords.
Available general search engines..
Alexa Internet
Ask.com (formerly Ask Jeeves)
Baidu (Chinese)
Exalead (French)
Gigablast
Google
Live Search (formerly MSN Search)
Sogou (Chinese)
Sohu (Chinese)
Yahoo! Search

Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_search_engines

How To Search Engine Optization
---------------------------------

1. Use exact key words, relted to your site. Add key words with large font( more than 14pix)

2. Add social services links in your ste to get more clicks to your site.

3.use validated HTML code

4.use HTML Markups

5. USe Rss, add Atl text for Images.

6.Use sitemap.

7.Use "title" property

8.Don't use Flash/Silverlight, javascript-based MENU.

9.Don't use inline css, use external stylesheets whenever possible
Don't use inline javascript, use external .js-files instead
Remove leave html-comments.

10.Don't forger " title-tag ".

11. Don't USE duplicate content.

New series of Microsoft Webcasts

2007-10-27T03:35:00.000-07:00

Communities and webcasts are great place to learn and share .Is not it?

Here are new series of webcasts for IT PRO by eminent speakersPlease register the corresponding stream.

October 15, 2007(4:00 pm - 5:30 pm)

Infrastructure Architecture - Case Study Review
Infrastructure Architecture - Case Study Review.

Speaker: Ramnish SinghOctober 17, 2007(2:00 pm - 3:00 pm)

SQL Server 2005 - BasicsThis session we will take a look at the various SQL Server 2005 Editions available in the market. We will then take a dive into the various sub-components introduced with SQL Server 2005. The session will build the foundation for getting started with SQL Server 2005.

Speaker: Vinod Kumar October 18, 2007(4:00 pm - 5:30 pm)

SQL Server 2005: Database MaintenanceAlthough many of the concepts of database maintenance in a SQL Server 2005 Environment remain the same as with previous SQL releases, there are several new features. Database snapshots provide a way to revert to a point of consistency, while partial restores allows users to access unaffected files and pages. You can now continue the backup and restore operations after a failure and configure fast recovery during crash recovering and mirroring failover. It is now possible to verify the integrity of data pages during backup and restore operations. Come, hear about all of these and see some of these features in action with me!

Speaker: L Srividya October 19, 2007(4:00 pm - 5:30 pm)

Monitoring SQL Server 2005 PerformanceA number of tools are available to inspect and record activity in a SQL Server installation. Some are built into SQL Server and some are built into the Operating System. Some of these tools include the System monitor, Data Tuning Advisor, Activity Monitor, etc. This session takes you through a few of these tools for troubleshooting and optimizing your SQL Server performance.

Class and structure

2007-10-27T03:26:00.000-07:00

What are similarities between Class and structure ?

Following are the similarities between classes and structures :-v Both can have constructors, methods, properties, fields, constants,enumerations, events, and event handlers.v Structures and classes can implement interface.v Both of them can have constructors with and without parameter.v Both can have delegates and events.(A) What is the difference between Class and structure’s ?Following are the key differences between them :-v Structure are value types and classes are reference types. So structures usestack and classes use heap.v Structures members can not be declared as protected, but class members canbe. You can not do inheritance in structures.v Structures do not require constructors while classes require.v Objects created from classes are terminated using Garbage collector. Structuresare not destroyed using GC.

Cache

2007-10-27T03:25:00.001-07:00

(B) What is application object ?
Application object can used in situation where we want data to be shared across users globally.
(I)What’s the difference between Cache object and application object ?
The main difference between the Cache and Application objects is that the Cache object provides cache-specific features, such as dependencies and expiration policies.
(I)How can get access to cache object ?
The Cache object is defined in the System.Web.Caching namespace. You can get a reference to the Cache object by using the Cache property of the HttpContext class in the System.Web namespace or by using the Cache property of the Page object.
(A)What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies ?
When you add an item to the cache, you can define dependency relationships that can force that item to be removed from the cache under specific activities of
dependencies.Example if the cache object is dependent on file and when the file data changes you want the cache object to be update.Following are the supported dependency
:-
√ File dependency :- Allows you to invalidate a specific cache item when a disk
based file or files change.
√ Time-based expiration :- Allows you to invalidate a specific cache item
depending on predefined time.
√ Key dependency :-Allows you to invalidate a specific cache item depending
when another cached item changes.
(P)Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache ?
Partial Class Default_aspx
Public Sub displayAnnouncement()
Dim announcement As String
If Cache(“announcement”) Is Nothing Then
Dim file As New _
System.IO.StreamReader _
(Server.MapPath(“announcement.txt”))
announcement = file.ReadToEnd
file.Close()
Dim depends As New _
System.Web.Caching.CacheDependency _
(Server.MapPath(“announcement.txt”))
Cache.Insert(“announcement”, announcement, depends)
End If
Response.Write(CType(Cache(“announcement”), String))
End Sub
Private Sub Page_Init(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Init
displayAnnouncement()
End Sub
End Class
Note :- Above source code can be obtained from CD in “CacheSample”
folder.”Announcement.txt” is in the same folder which you can play around to see the
results.
Above given method displayAnnouncement() displays banner text from Announcement.txt file which is lying in application path of the web directory.Above method first checks is the Cache object nothing , if the cache object is nothing then it moves further to load the cache data from the file.Whenever the file data changes the cache object is removed and
set to nothing.
(A) What is Cache Callback in Cache ?
Cache object is dependent on its dependencies example file based , time based etc.Cache items remove the object when cache dependencies change.ASP.NET provides capability to execute a callback method when that item is removed from cache.

(B) What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET?
You can use two types of output caching to cache information that is to be transmitted to
and displayed in a Web browser:
√ Page Output Caching
Page output caching adds the response of page to cache object.Later when
page is requested page is displayed from cache rather than creating the
page object and displaying it.Page output caching is good if the site is
fairly static.
√ Page Fragment Caching
If parts of the page are changing, you can wrap the static sections as user
controls and cache the user controls using pagefragment caching.
(B) How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET
cache object ?
Output cache functionality is achieved by using “OutputCache” attribute on ASP.NET
page header.Below is the syntax
<%@ OutputCache Duration="20" Location="Server" VaryByParam="state" VaryByCustom="minorversion" VaryByHeader="Accept-Language"%>
√ VaryByParam :- Caches different version depending on input parameters send
through HTTP POST/GET.
√ VaryByHeader:- Caches different version depending on the contents of the
page header.

(A) How will implement Page Fragment Caching ?
Page fragment caching involves the caching of a fragment of the page, rather than the
entire page. When portions of the page need to be dynamically created for each user
request this is best method as compared to page caching.You can wrap Web Forms user
control and cache the control so that these portions of the page don’t need to be recreated
each time.
(B) What are ASP.NET session and compare ASP.NET session with
classic ASP session variables?
ASP.NET session caches per user session state.It basically uses “HttpSessionState” class.
Following are the limitations in classic ASP sessions :-
√ ASP session state is dependent on IIS process very heavily.So if IIS restarts
ASP session variables are also recycled.ASP.NET session can be independent
of the hosting environment thus ASP.NET session can maintained even if IIS
reboots.
√ ASP session state has no inherent solution to work with Web Farms.ASP.NET
session can be stored in state server and SQL SERVER which can support
multiple server.
√ ASP session only functions when browser supports cookies.ASP.NET session
can be used with browser side cookies or independent of it.
(B) Which various modes of storing ASP.NET session ?
√ InProc:- In this mode Session state is stored in the memory space of the
Aspnet_wp.exe process.This is the default setting.If the IIS reboots or web
application restarts then session state is lost.
√ StateServer:-In this mode Session state is serialized and stored in a separate
process (Aspnet_state.exe); therefore, the state can be stored on a separate
computer(a state server).
√ SQL SERVER:- In this mode Session state is serialized and stored in a SQL
Server database.
Session state can be specified in element of application configuration file.Using State Server and SQL SERVER session state can be shared across web farms but note this comes at speed cost as ASP.NET needs to serialize and deserialize data over network again and again.
(B) What are the other ways you can maintain state ?
Other than session variables you can use the following technique to store state :
√ Hidden fields
√ View state
√ Hidden frames
√ Cookies
√ Query strings
(B) What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields ?
Following are the benefits of using Hidden fields :-
√ They are simple to implement.
√ As data is cached on client side they work with Web Farms.
√ All browsers support hidden field.
√ No server resources are required.
Following are limitations of Hidden field :-

C# for All Interviews.

2007-10-27T03:23:00.000-07:00

Interview questions for C# developers

Is it possible to inline assembly or IL in C# code? - No.

Is it possible to have different access modifiers on the get/set methods of a property? - No. The access modifier on a property applies to both its get and set accessors. What you need to do if you want them to be different is make the property read-only (by only providing a get accessor) and create a private/internal set method that is separate from the property.

Is it possible to have a static indexer in C#? - No. Static indexers are not allowed in C#.

If I return out of a try/finally in C#, does the code in the finally-clause run? - Yes.
The code in the finally always runs. If you return out of the try block, or even if you do a “goto” out of the try, the finally block always runs:
using System;

class main
{
public static void Main()
{
try
{
Console.WriteLine(\"In Try block\");
return;
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine(\"In Finally block\");
}
}
}
Both “In Try block” and “In Finally block” will be displayed. Whether the return is in the try block or after the try-finally block, performance is not affected either way. The compiler treats it as if the return were outside the try block anyway. If it’s a return without an expression (as it is above), the IL emitted is identical whether the return is inside or outside of the try. If the return has an expression, there’s an extra store/load of the value of the expression (since it has to be computed within the try block).

I was trying to use an “out int” parameter in one of my functions. How should I declare the variable that I am passing to it? - You should declare the variable as an int, but when you pass it in you must specify it as ‘out’, like the following: int i; foo(out i); where foo is declared as follows: [return-type] foo(out int o) { }

How does one compare strings in C#?
In the past, you had to call .ToString() on the strings when using the == or != operators to compare the strings’ values. That will still work, but the C# compiler now automatically compares the values instead of the references when the == or != operators are used on string types. If you actually do want to compare references, it can be done as follows: if ((object) str1 == (object) str2) { … } Here’s an example showing how string compares work:
using System;
public class StringTest
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Object nullObj = null; Object realObj = new StringTest();
int i = 10;
Console.WriteLine(\"Null Object is [\" + nullObj + \"]\n\"
+ \"Real Object is [\" + realObj + \"]\n\"
+ \"i is [\" + i + \"]\n\");
// Show string equality operators
string str1 = \"foo\";
string str2 = \"bar\";
string str3 = \"bar\";
Console.WriteLine(\"{0} == {1} ? {2}\", str1, str2, str1 == str2 );
Console.WriteLine(\"{0} == {1} ? {2}\", str2, str3, str2 == str3 );
}
}
Output:
Null Object is []
Real Object is [StringTest]
i is [10]
foo == bar ? False
bar == bar ? True

How do you specify a custom attribute for the entire assembly (rather than for a class)?
Global attributes must appear after any top-level using clauses and before the first type or namespace declarations. An example of this is as follows:
using System;
[assembly : MyAttributeClass] class X {}
Note that in an IDE-created project, by convention, these attributes are placed in AssemblyInfo.cs.
How do you mark a method obsolete? -
[Obsolete] public int Foo() {...}
or
[Obsolete(\"This is a message describing why this method is obsolete\")] public int Foo() {...}
Note: The O in Obsolete is always capitalized.
How do you implement thread synchronization (Object.Wait, Notify,and CriticalSection) in C#? - You want the lock statement, which is the same as Monitor Enter/Exit:
lock(obj) { // code }
translates to
try {
CriticalSection.Enter(obj);
// code
}
finally
{
CriticalSection.Exit(obj);
}

How do you directly call a native function exported from a DLL?
Here’s a quick example of the DllImport attribute in action:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; \
class C
{
[DllImport(\"user32.dll\")]
public static extern int MessageBoxA(int h, string m, string c, int type);
public static int Main()
{
return MessageBoxA(0, \"Hello World!\", \"Caption\", 0);
}
}
This example shows the minimum requirements for declaring a C# method that is implemented in a native DLL. The method C.MessageBoxA() is declared with the static and external modifiers, and has the DllImport attribute, which tells the compiler that the implementation comes from the user32.dll, using the default name of MessageBoxA. For more information, look at the Platform Invoke tutorial in the documentation.

How do I simulate optional parameters to COM calls?
You must use the Missing class and pass Missing.Value (in System.Reflection) for any values that have optional parameters.

Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.

Why does DllImport not work for me?
All methods marked with the DllImport attribute must be marked as public static extern.

Why does my Windows application pop up a console window every time I run it?
Make sure that the target type set in the project properties setting is set to Windows Application, and not Console Application. If you’re using the command line, compile with /target:winexe, not /target:exe.

Why do I get an error (CS1006) when trying to declare a method without specifying a return type?
If you leave off the return type on a method declaration, the compiler thinks you are trying to declare a constructor. So if you are trying to declare a method that returns nothing, use void. The following is an example: // This results in a CS1006 error public static staticMethod (mainStatic obj) // This will work as wanted public static void staticMethod (mainStatic obj)

Why do I get a syntax error when trying to declare a variable called checked?
The word checked is a keyword in C#.
Why do I get a security exception when I try to run my C# app?
Some security exceptions are thrown if you are working on a network share. There are some parts of the frameworks that will not run if being run off a share (roaming profile, mapped drives, etc.). To see if this is what’s happening, just move the executable over to your local drive and see if it runs without the exceptions. One of the common exceptions thrown under these conditions is System.Security.SecurityException. To get around this, you can change your security policy for the intranet zone, code group 1.2, (the zone that running off shared folders falls into) by using the caspol.exe tool.

Why do I get a CS5001: does not have an entry point defined error when compiling?
The most common problem is that you used a lowercase ‘m’ when defining the Main method. The correct way to implement the entry point is as follows: class test { static void Main(string[] args) {} }

What optimizations does the C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+ compiler option?
The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team: We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned). We get rid of unreachable code. We get rid of try-catch with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty finally. We optimize branches over branches: gotoif A, lab1 goto lab2: lab1: turns into: gotoif !A, lab2 lab1: We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches.

What is the syntax for calling an overloaded constructor within a constructor (this() and constructorname() does not compile)?
The syntax for calling another constructor is as follows: class B { B(int i) { } } class C : B { C() : base(5) // call base constructor B(5) { } C(int i) : this() // call C() { } public static void Main() {} }
What is the equivalent to regsvr32 and regsvr32 /u a file in .NET development? - Try using RegAsm.exe. Search MSDN on Assembly Registration Tool.

What is the difference between a struct and a class in C#?
From language spec: The list of similarities between classes and structs is as follows. Longstructs can implement interfaces and can have the same kinds of members as classes. Structs differ from classes in several important ways; however, structs are value types rather than reference types, and inheritance is not supported for structs. Struct values are stored on the stack or in-line. Careful programmers can sometimes enhance performance through judicious use of structs. For example, the use of a struct rather than a class for a Point can make a large difference in the number of memory allocations performed at runtime. The program below creates and initializes an array of 100 points. With Point implemented as a class, 101 separate objects are instantiated-one for the array and one each for the 100 elements.

My switch statement works differently than in C++! Why?
C# does not support an explicit fall through for case blocks. The following code is not legal and will not compile in C#:
switch(x)
{
case 0: // do something
case 1: // do something as continuation of case 0
default: // do something in common with
//0, 1 and everything else
break;
}
To achieve the same effect in C#, the code must be modified as shown below (notice how the control flows are explicit):
class Test
{
public static void Main() {
int x = 3;
switch(x)
{
case 0: // do something
goto case 1;
case 1: // do something in common with 0
goto default;
default: // do something in common with 0, 1, and anything else
break;
}
}
}

C# does support fall through. The following code is valid:

switch (x)
{
case 0: // do something
case 1: // do something as continuation of case 0
default: // do something in common with
//0, 1 and everything else
{
break;
}
}

What C# does not allow is falling out of one code block into another like this:
// will not compile because each code block needs
// a break statement.
switch (x)
{
case 0:
{
Console.WriteLine(”0″);
}
case 1:
{
Console.WriteLine(”0″);
}
}

switch (x)
{
case 0: // do something
case 1: // do something as continuation of case 0
default: // do something in common with
//0, 1 and everything else
{
break;
}
}

C# does not support explicit fall through for the Case ….you can use goto:Case/goto:default to make a fall through
ex
swich(x)
case 1:
//do spmething ;
break;
case 2: //do somethin
goto case1;
case 3 : //do spmething ;
break;
case default : //do spmething ;
break;

Fall through is achieved like this. Do not put any code except in the case 2 to achieve the fall through.
switch(i)
{
case 0:
case 1:
case 2:
//Some code here
break;
case 5:
//some code here
break;
default:
}

Is there regular expression (regex) support available to C# developers? - Yes. The .NET class libraries provide support for regular expressions.
Look at the System.Text.RegularExpressions namespace.
Is there any sample C# code for simple threading? - Yes:
using System;
using System.Threading;
class ThreadTest
{
public void runme()
{
Console.WriteLine(\"Runme Called\");
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
ThreadTest b = new ThreadTest();
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(b.runme));
t.Start();
}
}
Is there an equivalent of exit() for quitting a C# .NET application? –
Yes, you can use System.Environment.Exit(int exitCode) to exit the application or Application.Exit() if it’s a Windows Forms app.

Is there a way to force garbage collection?
Yes. Set all references to null and then call System.GC.Collect(). If you need to have some objects destructed, and System.GC.Collect() doesn’t seem to be doing it for you, you can force finalizers to be run by setting all the references to the object to null and then calling System.GC.RunFinalizers().

Is there a way of specifying which block or loop to break out of when working with nested loops?
he easiest way is to use goto:
using System;
class BreakExample
{
public static void Main(String[] args) {
for(int i=0; i<3; j="0" j ="="" s =" #”n" s =" “’n" s =" @”n" s =" “n" a ="="" a =" new" instance ="="" instance =" new" instance =" new" unrestricted="true)]" cppname =" new" cppname =" new" privatepath="”c:\mylibs;">
should do the trick. Or you can add additional search paths in the Properties box of the deployed application.

How can you debug failed assembly binds?
Use the Assembly Binding Log Viewer (fuslogvw.exe) to find out the paths searched.
Where are shared assemblies stored? Global assembly cache.

How can you create a strong name for a .NET assembly?
With the help of Strong Name tool (sn.exe).

Where’s global assembly cache located on the system?
Usually C:\winnt\assembly or C:\windows\assembly.

Can you have two files with the same file name in GAC?
Yes, remember that GAC is a very special folder, and while normally you would not be able to place two files with the same name into a Windows folder, GAC differentiates by version number as well, so it’s possible for MyApp.dll and MyApp.dll to co-exist in GAC if the first one is version 1.0.0.0 and the second one is 1.1.0.0.
So let’s say I have an application that uses MyApp.dll assembly, version 1.0.0.0. There is a security bug in that assembly, and I publish the patch, issuing it under name MyApp.dll 1.1.0.0. How do I tell the client applications that are already installed to start using this new MyApp.dll? Use publisher policy. To configure a publisher policy, use the publisher policy configuration file, which uses a format similar app .config file. But unlike the app .config file, a publisher policy file needs to be compiled into an assembly and placed in the GAC.

What is delay signing?
Delay signing allows you to place a shared assembly in the GAC by signing the assembly with just the public key. This allows the assembly to be signed with the private key at a later stage, when the development process is complete and the component or assembly is ready to be deployed. This process enables developers to work with shared assemblies as if they were strongly named, and it secures the private key of the signature from being accessed at different stages of development.

ASP.NET interview questions

Whats an assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications; they form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. An assembly provides the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly.

Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?
ASP.NET supports two modes of page development: Page logic code that is written inside

AutoEventWireup.

2007-10-27T03:22:00.001-07:00

Introduction
ASP.NET supports two methods to author pages:
In-line code
Code-behind
In-line code is code that is embedded directly within the ASP.NET page. Code-behind refers to code for your ASP.NET page that is contained within a separate class file. This allows a clean separation of your HTML from your presentation logic.
When we use Microsoft Visual Studio .NET to create ASP.NET Web Forms, code-behind pages are the default method. In addition, Visual Studio .NET automatically performs precompilation for us when we build our solution.
A little bit of background
Directives in ASP.NET control the settings and properties of page and user control compilers. They can be included anywhere on a page, although it is standard to place them at the beginning. Directives are used in both .aspx files (ASP.NET pages) and .ascx files (user control pages). ASP.NET pages actually support eight different directives.
@ Page
@ Control
@ Import
@ Implements
@ Register
@ Assembly
@ OutputCache
@ Reference
Page directives are the most commonly used directives, and are used to edit a wide variety of settings that control how the page parser and page compiler work. The following is a list of some of the more commonly used page directive attributes in ASP.NET.@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="TestWebApp.WebForm1"
Language indicates the language in which the inline script code within the ASP.NET page is written (the code between <% %> tags). The value of this attribute can be C#, VB, or JS.
Codebehind indicates the name of the file being used as the code supporting this ASP.NET page. This file should reflect the Language setting; that is, if the language being used is C#, the CodeBehind file should have a .cs extension and be written in C#.
Inherits indicates a qualified class from which this ASP.NET page should inherit. Generally, this will be the name of the class described in the code-behind file.
AutoEventWireup is a Boolean attribute that indicates whether the ASP.NET pages events are auto-wired.
Note: In the above case, ASP.NET compiles the code-behind page on the fly. We have to note that this compilation step only occurs when the code-behind file is updated. Whether the file has been updated or not, well this is detected through a timestamp change.
To get to the Real Thing
The AutoEventWireup attribute may have a value of true or false. When an ASP.NET Web Application is created by using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute is set as false.
We can specify the default value of the AutoEventWireup attribute in the following locations:
The Machine.config file.
The Web.config file.
Individual Web Forms (.aspx files).
Web User Controls (.ascx files)
The value of the AutoEventWireup attribute can be declared in the section in the Machine.config file or the Web.config file, as follows:
If you make these changes in the Machine.config file, the changes affect all ASP.NET Web Forms on the computer. If you make these changes in the Web.config file, the changes affect only the application that the file belongs to. However, to make changes in the individual Web Form Only, we have to add the AutoEventWireup attribute to the @ Page directive, as shown above.
Check out the Code
When we create a new ASP.NET Web Application in Visual Studio .NET, as mentioned earlier, by default, the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute is set to false in the .aspx page and event handlers are automatically created. We can find this in the InitializeComponent method:this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);
The best way to see the working of this attribute would be:
Declare a string variable msg as public in WebForm1.aspx.cs.
In the HTML section of WebForm1.aspx, enter the following code in the section: <% Response.Write(msg); %>
In the Page_Load, you could enter a value for the variable msg declared.msg= "We are in Page_Load()";
On running the application, you will get the message We are in Page_Load() [hereafter referred to as message]. Note: this is in the default case where the attribute is set to false.
Now try commenting the event handler code for the Page_Load in the aspx.cs file; and set the AutoEventWireup attribute to false in the .aspx page. On running the application this time, you will not get the message.
Now with the event handler code for the Page_Load in the aspx.cs file still commented; set the AutoEventWireup attribute to true in the .aspx page. On running the application this time, you will get the message.
Reason: In the case where AutoEventWireup attribute is set to false (by default), event handlers are automatically required for Page_Load or Page_Init. However, when we set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true, the ASP.NET runtime does not require events to specify event handlers like Page_Load or Page_Init.
A thing to be kept in mind is that the AutoEventWireup attribute of the Page directive is set to true by default for the machine (check out the value of this attribute in the machine.config) but set to false by default for a .aspx page). So if it is missing, since by default it is true (i.e., at the machine level), the page framework calls page events automatically, specifically the Page_Init and Page_Load methods. In that case, no explicit Handles clause or delegate is needed.
Performance Issues
We must not set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true if performance is a key consideration. If we set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true, the ASP.NET page framework must make a call to the CreateDelegate method for every Web Form (.aspx page), and instead of relying on the automatic hookup, manually override the events from the page.
Credits
The whole thing was really simple but I just thought of posting it online; hope it helps someone. To give credit to where it is due. Most of the information was garnered from different places on the net. I've just complied them together and added a bit of my own to help folks along their way. I was also able to find an article related to this in MSDN Online (Article ID: 317690) but for VB.NET.
About Aby Thomas Varghese

Assembly

2007-10-27T03:21:00.000-07:00

What is a satellite assembly? When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.

Assembly

An assembly is the primary building block of a .NET Framework application. It is a collection of functionality that is built, versioned, and deployed as a single implementation unit (as one or more files). All managed types and resources are marked either as accessible only within their implementation unit, or as accessible by code outside that unit. .NET Assembly contains all the metadata about the modules, types, and other elements it contains in the form of a “manifest.” The CLR loves assemblies because differing programming languages are just perfect for creating certain kinds of applications. For example, COBOL stands for Common Business-Oriented Language because it’s tailor-made for creating business apps. However, it’s not much good for creating drafting programs. Regardless of what language you used to create your modules, they can all work together within one Portable Executable Assembly. There’s a hierarchy to the structure of .NET code. That hierarchy is “Assembly -> Module -> Type -> Method."Assemblies can be static or dynamic. Static assemblies can include .NET Framework types (interfaces and classes), as well as resources for the assembly (bitmaps, JPEG files, resource files, and so on). Static assemblies are stored on disk in portable executable (PE) files. You can also use the .NET Framework to create dynamic assemblies, which are run directly from memory and are not saved to disk before execution. You can save dynamic assemblies to disk after they have executed.

Manifest
An assembly manifest contains all the metadata needed to specify the assembly's version requirements and security identity, and all metadata needed to define the scope of the assembly and resolve references to resources and classes. The assembly manifest can be stored in either a PE (Portable Executable) file (an .exe or .dll) with Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code or in a standalone PE (Portable Executable) file that contains only assembly manifest information.The following table shows the information contained in the assembly manifest. The first four items — the assembly name, version number, culture, and strong name information — make up the assembly's identity.Assembly name: A text string specifying the assembly's name.Version number: A major and minor version number, and a revision and build number. The common language runtime uses these numbers to enforce version policy.Culture: Information on the culture or language the assembly supports. This information should be used only to designate an assembly as a satellite assembly containing culture- or language-specific information. (An assembly with culture information is automatically assumed to be a satellite assembly.)Strong name information: The public key from the publisher if the assembly has been given a strong name.List of all files in the assembly: A hash of each file contained in the assembly and a file name. Note that all files that make up the assembly must be in the same directory as the file containing the assembly manifest.Type reference information: Information used by the runtime to map a type reference to the file that contains its declaration and implementation. This is used for types that are exported from the assembly.Information on referenced assemblies: A list of other assemblies that are statically referenced by the assembly. Each reference includes the dependent assembly's name, assembly metadata (version, culture, operating system, and so on), and public key, if the assembly is strong named.
(A) What is Manifest?
Assembly metadata is stored in Manifest.
Manifest contains all the metadata needed to do the following things( See Figure Manifest View for more details) :
√ Version of assembly
√ Security identity
√ Scope of the assembly
√ resolve references to resources and classes.
√ The assembly manifest can be stored in either a PE file (an .exe or .dll) with
Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code or in a stand-alone PE file that
contains only assembly manifest information.

Asp

2007-10-27T03:20:00.001-07:00

ASP.NET provides a programming model and infrastructure that offers the necessary services for programmers to develop web-based applications. Because ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework, programmers can use the managed Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment, type safety, inheritance, etc. to create web-based applications. You can develop your ASP.NET web-based applications in any .NET-compliant language, such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, or JScript.NET. ASP.NET code is compiled rather than interpreted, which permits early binding, strong typing, and just-in-time (JIT) compiling to native code.
In ASP.NET, deployment is as simple as copying a component assembly to its desired location. ASP.NET configuration settings are stored in XML-based files, which are human-readable and -writable. ASP.NET automatically applies new configuration settings to web resources whenever it finds any changes to configuration files, without rebooting the server.

There are two core programming models when developing an ASP.NET application:
· Web forms
· Web Services

Web forms allow you to develop programmable forms-based web pages. A web forms page consists of two parts:
· Visual elements: HTML elements and web forms controls.
· User interface logic: Code that contains logic for interacting with the visual elements.
In ASP.NET, business logic code (functional code) is separated from presentation code (HTML code). The visual elements are created in an .aspx file. The code is in a separate class file, called the code-behind class file (.aspx.vb or .aspx.cs), which consists of event handlers, initialization code, and other supporting code for the user interface in the aspx file.
Web services provide the capability to exchange messages in a loosely coupled environment using standard data formats and protocols such as HTTP, XML, and SOAP. A web service is nothing but a programmable application component that provides some serviceable, useful functionality such as application logic, and is available to any number of potentially incongruent systems through the use of Internet standards such as XML and HTTP.
ASP.NET provides solutions to some of the drawbacks that exist in ASP and offers a lot of additional benefits such as performance, scalability, deployment, security, output cache control, and web services infrastructure. Both ASP.NET and ASP run agreeably on an Internet Information Services (IIS) web server without interruption. Newly created ASP.NET pages with the file extension .aspx won't corrupt any existing ASP application. Files with an .aspx extension are processed by the ASP.NET runtime and files with an .asp extension are processed as usual by the ASP engine. ASP.NET offers total syntax and processing compatibility with ASP applications. The two systems have completely separate processing engines.

Access Modifiers

2007-10-27T03:15:00.000-07:00

Introduction
Access modifiers decide accessibility of your class or class member. There are five accessibility levels in VB.NET. They are:
Private
Protected
Friend (internal in C#)
Protected friend (protected internal in C#)
Public
This article examines all them with examples. Even though the examples are in VB.NET, they can be easily ported to C# as most of the keywords are same.
Public Access
Many programmers have habit of making everything public in their applications. This is fine for test applications but when you are developing real life applications you should expose only the data or functionality that is necessary by the user of your class. Classes and class members marked with Public access modifier are available in the same class, all the classes from the same project and to all other projects as well. This access specifier is least restrictive. Following is an example of public access specifier.
Public Class Book
Public Title As String
End Class
Public Class BookUser
Public Sub SomeMethod()
Dim x as new Book()
x.Title="VB.NET Programming"
End Sub
End Class
Restricting access to classes and class members is not only a good programming practice but is also necessary to avoid any accidental misuse of your classes. Let us now discuss each of the remaining access modifiers in detail

Private Access
Private access modifier is applicable only to the members of a type. It restricts access to the members within the type itself. Consider following class:
Public Class Book
Private strTitle As String
Public Property Title()
Get
Return strTitle
End Get
Set(ByVal Value)
strTitle = Value
End Set
End Property
End Class
Here, the member variable strTitle is declared as private inside a class Book. Hence, it cannot be accessed from outside the class Book. Remember that private access modifier is applicable only to type members not to the type itself. This means you cannot declare a class as private but if your class is a nested then it can be declared as private. For example following declaration is invalid:
Namespace n1
Private Class Book
End Class
End Namespace
However, following declaration of nested class is valid:
Namespace n1
Public Class Book
Private Class NestedBook
End Class
End Class
End Namespace

Protected Access
Private access modifier allows us to hide members from others but what if some one is inheriting from your class? In many cases you want that members of base class should be available in derived class. This cannot be achieved with private modifier. Protected access specifier provide such access. The members marked with protected access modifier can be accessed in the same class and all the classes inherited from it but they are not available to other classes. Following is an example of using protected access specifier:
Public Class Class1
Protected age As Integer '... other code
End Class
Public Class Class2
Inherits Class1
Public Sub SomeMethod()
age = 99 'OK
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Class3
Public Sub SomeMethod()
Dim x As New Class1()
x.age = 99 'ERROR
End Sub End Class
Friend Access
Now going one step further let us assume that you want that all the classes from your project should be able to access to your class members but classes external to your project should not be able to do so. In this case neither private nor protected can help. Only your Friend can help you out. You guessed it! The friend access modifier is used to declare your class members such that any class from the same project will be able to access them but external classes cannot. Note that this access modifier is applicable to class definitions also. Following are the examples of using Friend members and classes.
Assembly1.dll
Public Class Class1
Friend age As Integer '... other code
End Class
Public Class Class2
Public Sub SomeMethod()
Dim x As New Class1()
x.age = 99 'OK
End Sub
End Class
Assembly2.dll
Public Class Class3
Public Sub SomeOtherMethod()
Dim x As New Class1()
x.age = 99 'ERROR
End Sub
End Class
When applied to class the class will be available only in the project in which it is declared.
Assembly1.dll
Friend Class Class3
Public Sub SomeMethod()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class Class4
Public Sub SomeOtherMethod()
Dim x As Class3 'OK
End Sub
End Class
Assembly2.dll
Dim x As TestComp1.n1.Class3 'ERROR
Note: In C# internal keyword serves the same purpose as Friend keyword in VB.NET.
Protected Friend Access
Protected Friend access modifier is a combination of protected and friend access modifiers and allows access to class members in the same project and all the inherited types.

Abstract class

2007-10-27T03:12:00.002-07:00

à Abstract class defines functionality that is implemented by one or more subclass.
à Abstract class states “what” to do, rather than “how” to do.
à Abstract class cannot be instantiated.
à Abstract method “must” be overridden in derived class.
à Abstract classes can provide all, some, or none of the actual implementation of a class.
It provides a default code or stub for their child class.à It is useful while creating Component.
Eg:abstract class shape{void draw() { }}
class circle : shape
{
void draw()
{
Console.WriteLine(“Circle”);
}
}
class rectangle : shape
{
void draw()
{
Console.WriteLine(“rectangle”);
}
}
class triangle : shape
{
void draw()
{
Console.WriteLine(“triangle”);
}
}
static void main()
{
shape s;
s = new circle();
s.draw();s = new rectangle();
s.draw();s = new triangle();
s.draw();
}
//Outputcirclerectangletriangle

3-TierIntroduction

2007-10-27T03:12:00.001-07:00

Introduction:
Application Architecture is the most important process of developing a good application. Some people tends to jump into coding without any architecture laid. Later we see those people changing the architecture and finally the application had to be developed from the scratch with the correct architecture.
In this article I will describe some details about how you can improve the architecture of you application. This article is targeted to the beginner's audience.
Three layered approach:
Three layered approach is the most common approach taken to build a web application. In this approach application is divided into three layers.
1) Database layer:
The database layer contains the tables, views and stored procedures which deals with the database. Usually this layer is created before making the other layers. Database layer is also the most important layer in the application architecture that's why most of the time is spent making the database layer solid so, the pillars of the application are strong and scalable.
2) Business logic layer:
Business logic layer contains the logic of the application. Like the database layer this layer is not exposed to the users directly but a user interface is provided to do so.
3) Presentation layer:
The presentation layer is what the user actually sees. The html pages with some animation, the textboxes to take input and message boxes to alarm the user of the operation of his action. Presentation layer must be developed in such a way that it can be changed without doing any changes to the business or the database layer. This means that the presentation layer must be independent of the database and the business layers. Also the presentation layer should be made in such a way that changing the presentation to the user will take less time and effort.
Tips about the database layer:
1) Database layer as I pointed out earlier consists of a database, stored procedures and tables etc. Its always good to use stored procedures instead of Ad-Hoc queries. Ad-Hoc queries have the danger of SQL injections. Stored procedures on the other hand are more fast to execute and gives the performance boost. Since those procedures used often are executed from the cache.
2) It's very important that you normalize the database design. You should carefully map out the one-one, one-many, many-many relationships. If normalization of the database is not handled carefully at the right time it can destroy the whole application and you may have to start from scratch.
Tips about the Business layer:
Business layer is where all the cool stuff happens. Usually for each subject (noun) in our specification we make a class for it. Suppose we are making an application where users and sends emails and receive messages depending on if their email is sent or not.
Some users tends to keep all the business logic in the presentation layer. This approach is very dangerous since user has a direct interaction with the business logic and it becomes easily hackable. That's why business logic is always kept in the class libraries this approach makes the separation of the user interaction with business logic and also makes the libraries portable so, it can be used by some other same type of application.
Sometimes its also a good idea to map the class fields to the database column names. Suppose our application stored articles so, our mapping class will look something like this:
public class ArticleDetails{
public string Title;public string Url;public string Description;
}
The advantage of using this approach is that if you make changes in the Title, Url, Description than you will only need to send the object of the ArticleDetails class. This is also a good approach since if later you decide to add one field to your database due to bad design you can just add the same field to this class without having to play around with the business logic methods.
Data Access Application Block:
I also explicitly use Microsoft.NET Data Access Application Block. Application Blocks makes the code simpler to understand and modify. Another good reason to use the application block is that it makes the code more readable if many coders are using the same block instead you find yourself reading every line of code written by the developer and trying to understand his coding style of accessing the database.
Messages Class:
Just like the Data Access Application Block every frequently used operation should be converted into a class for easier access. This includes Cache Block, Exception Handling Block etc. I will talk about the Messages class whose purpose is to alarm the user with a message about the operation that he has performed.
Sometimes you want to print a message "Data has been successfully entered" if the transaction was successful and "Data not entered" when, the transaction was a failure.
Most of the developers perform this task by simply adding the if-else block in the presentation layer.
bool isDataInserted = code.AddCodeSample(txtTitle,txtDescription);
if(isDataInserted){
// Data inserted successfully
}else{
// Data not inserted
}
This is a common approach used by developers to alarm the user of his operation. The problem with this approach is we are repeating code, meaning that each of the event that is inserted, deleted, updated, selecting, editing will have the same kind operation with a different message and we will be writing same 4-5 lines everywhere. Hence, its a good idea to make a class whose main purpose is to return messages. You can call this class DBMessages.
// message returned after the insert operation
public static string InsertMessages(bool isAdded){
if(isAdded){
return "Inserted";
}else{
return "Not Inserted";
}
}
// message returned after the Update Operation
public static string UpdateMessages(bool isUpdated){
if(isUpdated){
return "Updated";
}else{
return "Not Updated";
}
}

As you see now you only have to write a single line of code to get the message. Here lblMessage is a label control.
lblMessage.Text = DBMessages.InsertMessages(isAdded);
Using this approach you can also modify your message in one place and it will be changed everywhere.
Tips for the Presentation Layer:
Presentation layer design should always be consistent since this layer will be the one that will change often. Consistent design can come in the form of the Cascading Style Sheets and User Controls. By using Cascading Style Sheets your page has a consistent look and feel. A simple change in the Cascading Style Sheet will bring changes to all the pages without even touching them.
User controls is another way for making sections that are easily changed. If on the other hand if they are not marked as a user controls we will have to go to each page and manually change it which, is a pain.
Conclusion:
If the architecture of the application is made correct. The rest of the coding (Implementation Phase) becomes really easy.

Application Domains

2007-10-27T03:11:00.001-07:00

When we launch the Notepad program in Windows, the program executes inside of a container known as a process. We can launch multiple instances of Notepad, and each instance will run in a dedicated process. Using the Task Manager application, we can see a list of all processes currently executing in the system.
A process contains the executable code and data of a program inside memory it has reserved from the operating system. There will be at least one thread executing instructions inside of the process, and in most cases there are multiple threads. If the program opens any files or other resources, those resources will belong to the process.
A process is also boundary. Erroneous code inside of a process cannot corrupt areas outside of the current process. It is easy to communicate inside of a process, but special techniques are required to communicate from one process to another. Each process also runs under a specific security context which can dictate what the process can do on the machine and network.
A process is the smallest unit of isolation available on the Windows operating system. This could pose a problem for an ISP who wants to host hundreds of ASP.NET applications on a single server. The ISP will want to isolate each ASP.NET application to prevent one application from interfering with another company’s application on the same server, but the relative cost of launching and executing a process for hundreds of applications may be prohibitive.
Introducing the Application Domain
.NET introduces the concept of an application domain, or AppDomain. Like a process, the AppDomain is both a container and a boundary. The .NET runtime uses an AppDomain as a container for code and data, just like the operating system uses a process as a container for code and data. As the operating system uses a process to isolate misbehaving code, the .NET runtime uses an AppDomain to isolate code inside of a secure boundary.
Note, however, that the application domain is not a secure boundary when the application runs with full trust. Applications running with full trust can execute native code and circumvent all security checks by the .NET runtime. ASP.NET applications run with full trust by default.
An AppDomain belongs to only a single process, but single process can hold multiple AppDomains. An AppDomain is relatively cheap to create (compared to a process), and has relatively less overhead to maintain than a process. For these reasons, an AppDomain is a great solution for the ISP who is hosting hundreds of applications. Each application can exist inside an isolated AppDomain, and many of these AppDomains can exist inside of a single process – a cost savings.
AppDomains And You
You’ve created two ASP.NET applications on the same server, and have not done any special configuration. What is happening?
A single ASP.NET worker process will host both of the ASP.NET applications. On Windows XP and Windows 2000 this process is named aspnet_wp.exe, and the process runs under the security context of the local ASPNET account. On Windows 2003 the worker process has the name w3wp.exe and runs under the NETWORK SERVICE account by default.
An object lives in one AppDomain. Each ASP.NET application will have it’s own set of global variables: Cache, Application, and Session objects are not shared. Even though the code for both of the applications resides inside the same process, the unit of isolation is the .NET AppDomain. If there are classes with shared or static members, and those classes exist in both applications, each AppDomain will have it’s own copy of the static fields – the data is not shared. The code and data for each application is safely isolated and inside of a boundary provided by the AppDomain
In order to communicate or pass objects between AppDomains, you’ll need to look at techniques in .NET for communication across boundaries, such as .NET remoting or web services.
Note again: the one caveat to the idea of an AppDomain as a boundary is that ASP.NET applications will run with full trust by default. Fully trusted code can execute native code, and native code can essentially have access to anything inside the process. You’ll need to run applications with partial trust to restrict access to unmanged code and verify all managed code to secure AppDomains.
Shadow Copies and Restarts
Once an assembly is loaded into an AppDomain, there is no way to remove the assembly from the AppDomain. It is possible, however, to remove an AppDomain from a process.
If you copy an updated dll into an application’s bin subdirectory, the ASP.NET runtime recognizes there is new code to execute. Since ASP.NET cannot swap the dll into the existing AppDomain , it starts a new AppDomain. The old application domain is “drain stopped”, that is, existing requests are allowed to finish executing, and once they are all finished the AppDomain can unload. The new AppDomain starts with the new code and begins taking all new requests.
Typically, when a dll loads into a process, the process locks the dll and you cannot overwrite the file on disk. However, AppDomains have a feature known as Shadow Copy that allows assemblies to remain unlocked and replaceable on disk.
The runtime initializes ASP.NET with Shadow Copy enabled for the bin directory. The AppDomain will copy any dll it needs from the bin directory to a temporary location before locking and loading the dll into memory. Shadow Copy allows us to overwrite any dll in the bin directory during an update without taking the web application offline.
Master Of Your Domain
Application domains replace the OS process as the unit of isolation for .NET code. An understanding of application domains will give you an idea of the work taking place behind the scenes of an ASP.NET application. Using the CurrentDomain property of the AppDomain class you can inspect properties about the AppDomain your code is executing in, including the Shadow Copy settings we discussed in this article

ADO.Net

2007-10-27T03:08:00.000-07:00

ADO.NET Overview
Most applications handle data, whether in the form of a database, text file, spreadsheet, whatever — the majority of modern day programs need access to an information store.
Now when Visual Basic 3.0 came along with its new and groovy data access capabilities, people were amazed. Suddenly a mass of Access desktop applications sprung up and the world was at peace.
Today, people are taking advantage of the latest data access technologies to improve scalability and boost interoperability. But it all needs speeding up - faster, faster!
And there's a chance that the tools we use today just won't be able to keep up with this demand. That's why with the .NET move, Microsoft have unveiled ADO.NET — its "evolutionary" step in data access technologies that promises the world and infinitely more.
But what exactly does it deliver?
ADO.NET brings along with it four, much-publicised advantages:
Interoperability - All data in ADO.NET is transported in XML format, meaning it's simply a structured text document that can be read by anyone on any platform.
Scalability - The client/server model is out. ADO.NET promotes the use of disconnected datasets, with automatic connection pooling bundled as part of the package.
Productivity - You can't just pick it up and run, but ADO.NET can certainly improve your overall development time. For example, "Typed DataSets" help you work quicker and produce more bug-free code.
Performance - Because ADO.NET is mainly about disconnected datasets, the database server is no longer a bottleneck and hence applications should incur a performance boost
In ADO.NET, functionality is split into two key class groups — content components and managed-provider components.
The content components essentially hold actual data and include the DataSet, DataTable, DataView, DataRow, DataColumn and DataRelation classes.
We also have the managed-provider components, which actually talk to the database to assist in data retrievals and updates. Such objects include the connection, command and data reader.
Also, the managed-provider components are split into two key groups — one designed for regular data sources, with another finely tuned specifically for SQL Server.
ADO.NET bundles with a bunch of content components. The most important are:
DataSet — This is a lot like the old Recordset object, except that it can hold multiple "tables" of data. You can also setup internal data constraints and relationships.
DataView — The DataView is similar to a regular database view. You can essentially use this object to filter tables inside the DataSet object.
Currently, there are two key sets of managed provider components — one designed for general data access (in System.Data.OleDb) and one fine-tuned for SQL Server (in System.Data.SqlClient).
Both of these comply with the standard data implementations defined in the System.Data.Common namespace.
So, what are the key managed-provider components?
Connection — OleDbConnection + SQLConnection — Like classic ADO, this object implements properties such as the connection string and state. We also have the typical .Open and .Close, plus .BeginTransaction returning an object to control a database transaction. Note that you no longer have a .Execute method on the Connection object.
Command — OleDbCommand + SqlCommand — This is the pipeline to the backend data. You can use the command to either .ExecuteNonQuery, which will action an SQL statement (such as a DELETE command) upon the data — or .ExecuteReader, which links straight in to the Data Reader object.
Data Reader — OleDbDataReader + SqlDataReader — This object essentially takes a stream of data from the Command object and allows you to read it. It's like a forward-only Recordset and is very efficient. However this uses a server-side cursor, so you should avoid it too much as it naturally requires an open connection.
Data Adapter — OleDbDataAdapter + SqlDataAdapter — The Data Adapter object provides an all-in-one stop for your data. It essentially serves as a middle man, going through your connection to retrieve data, then passing that into a DataSet. You can then pass the DataSet back to the Data Adapter, which will go and update the database. The SQL statements for each command are specified in the InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, InsertCommand and DeleteCommand properties.
Sample code using each of these objects will be given later
As more and more companies move toward XML as the standard for cross-platform communication, Microsoft is making an active effort to use this structure to power many of its new technologies.
One application of this is in ADO.NET — where literally all data is intrinsically stored in such a format.
And you can easily tap into this store by getting your information into a DataSet — then accessing the.ReadXml, .WriteXml and .GetXml functions.
In addition, you can parse XML programmatically using the System.Xml.XmlDocument object.

GET-YOUR-SOLUTION

.Net-Insert Excel Data into Database

SQl-Insert Excel Data into Database

String Array

SQL Search

Web Services

Use Data View

Get Selected result with Comma separate

Gridview- Text Box Changed

Javascript with DIV for tool tip

Javascript with DIV for tool tip

Dot Net FAQs

FAQ

SQL

Upload Document To MOSS 2007

Bind Data with dataset

Bind data with datareader

DATABASE Tuning

Asp.Net Web applications Performance tuning

i am successfully storing images into database by converting images into bytes.

javascript

Chat Programm in ASP.NET

How to open filedialog in web applications

How to Restore database back-up(.bak) file

NEWS

Cursors

SQL KEYS

Simple SQL Statements

Delete & Truncate

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NORMALIZATION

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_search_engines

How To Search Engine Optization---------------------------------

1. Use exact key words, relted to your site. Add key words with large font( more than 14pix)

2. Add social services links in your ste to get more clicks to your site.

3.use validated HTML code

4.use HTML Markups

5. USe Rss, add Atl text for Images.

6.Use sitemap.

7.Use "title" property

8.Don't use Flash/Silverlight, javascript-based MENU.

9.Don't use inline css, use external stylesheets whenever possibleDon't use inline javascript, use external .js-files insteadRemove leave html-comments.

10.Don't forger " title-tag ".

11. Don't USE duplicate content.

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How To Search Engine Optization
---------------------------------

9.Don't use inline css, use external stylesheets whenever possible
Don't use inline javascript, use external .js-files instead
Remove leave html-comments.